Weight-loss drugs like GLP-1 may increase tendon rupture risks, study finds
New research suggests that GLP-1 receptor agonists, a common class of weight-loss and diabetes medications, may raise the risk of tendon ruptures. While the overall chance of such injuries remains low, doctors are being urged to weigh this factor when prescribing the drugs to certain patients.
Studies indicate that people taking GLP-1 medications face about a 1.5 times higher risk of tendon ruptures than non-users. For example, the likelihood of a rotator cuff tear rises from 1.5% to 2.4% in those on the drugs. Similarly, pectoral muscle tears occur in 0.8% of GLP-1 users, compared to 0.5% in others. Achilles tendon ruptures also show a slight increase, from 0.2% to 0.3%.
Three main theories attempt to explain the link between GLP-1 drugs and tendon weakness. Some researchers point to malnutrition caused by reduced appetite, while others highlight muscle loss during rapid weight change. A third possibility is that patients may suddenly increase physical activity, putting extra strain on tendons. The risk appears even higher for those with both type 2 diabetes and obesity. This group faces elevated chances of peroneal and quadriceps tendon ruptures. Despite these findings, experts stress that the absolute risk of such injuries stays below 1%, even for those on medication. Researchers analysed data from thousands of participants, including a meta-analysis of 3,236 patients. However, no precise global figure exists for how many people currently use GLP-1 drugs for weight loss.
Medical professionals are now advised to consider tendon rupture risks before prescribing GLP-1 medications. This is particularly important for patients already taking other drugs that weaken tendons or those with a family history of such injuries. While the overall risk remains small, awareness of the issue could help prevent complications in vulnerable groups.
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