How Giving Up U.S. Citizenship Affects Your Social Security Benefits Abroad
Giving up U.S. citizenship or permanent residency can complicate Social Security benefits for those living abroad. Many focus on the exit tax, but another key issue is the risk of interrupted payments. Rules differ for non-U.S. citizens, including former green-card holders, who may face a six-month suspension unless they qualify for an exception.
One major exception applies to citizens of countries on the Social Security Administration’s (SSA) List 1. These individuals can receive payments without interruption, no matter where they live. The list currently includes over 80 nations, such as Canada, Japan, and most EU countries.
U.S. citizens living overseas usually receive Social Security benefits without disruption. However, non-U.S. citizens—including those who have given up citizenship or green cards—face stricter rules. Payments may stop after six consecutive months outside the U.S., unless an exception applies.
The most important exception is citizenship in an SSA List 1 country. As of 2026, this list covers over 80 nations, from Canada and Mexico to Germany, France, and Australia. Citizens of these countries can collect benefits abroad without restrictions. The full, updated list is available on the SSA’s official website. For those not on List 1, the six-month rule requires periodic returns to the U.S. to keep payments flowing. Additionally, nonresident aliens (NRAs) face a flat 30% withholding tax on 85% of their benefits, resulting in an effective rate of 25.5%. Unlike U.S. taxpayers, NRAs cannot reduce this tax through deductions or lower marginal rates. Becoming a citizen of a List 1 country can help former U.S. citizens or green-card holders avoid these issues. It ensures uninterrupted benefits and removes the need for frequent U.S. visits. However, relinquishing U.S. status also ends most U.S. tax and filing obligations, which some may see as an advantage.
The rules for Social Security benefits abroad depend heavily on citizenship and residency. Former U.S. citizens or green-card holders must either return to the U.S. every six months or hold citizenship in a List 1 country to avoid interruptions. Those affected should check the latest SSA guidelines to confirm their eligibility and tax obligations.
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