Europe's Rail Lagging, Urgent Reform Needed to Meet Climate Goals
Europe's transport sector, responsible for a quarter of its greenhouse gases, needs urgent reform. While rail, the most climate-friendly option, is the only mode on track to meet Paris climate targets, infrastructure gaps and national interests hinder progress.
Infrastructure gaps, such as those between Colmar and Freiburg, have persisted since the post-war period. Air traffic projections for 2030 are alarmingly high, almost three times the Paris climate target. To tackle this, investing in cross-border rail transport is crucial. It not only benefits Europe's climate policy but also improves connectivity.
However, several challenges exist. National railway companies often resist opening their networks to foreign competitors. Changing locomotives and waiting at borders slow down rail journeys, making them less attractive. Moreover, Germany invests more in roads than rail, further skewing the balance. The responsibility to promote efficient European rail connections lies with EU institutions like the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, which set policy frameworks such as the Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). The EU Commission's DG Regio, not DG Transport, oversees rail transport.
Addressing these issues requires coordinated effort. EU institutions must prioritize cross-border rail projects and encourage member states to invest more in rail. Streamlining border procedures and standardizing locomotives can enhance rail's competitiveness. By doing so, Europe can significantly reduce its greenhouse gas emissions and foster a more connected, sustainable future.
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